At least in the first tests
Apple tonight released the iOS 17.0.3 update, which solves the overheating problem. And Apple did not lie: it solved the problem without reducing performance.
The iPhone 15 Pro didn’t become slower after an update that fixed an overheating problem
This has already been verified by the authors of the 9to5mac channel. With the previous version of the firmware, their iPhone 15 Pro scored 2914 and 7199 points in Geekbench 5 in single-threaded and multi-threaded modes, respectively. On the new firmware, the result was 2875 and 7006 points. One could say that there is a decrease, albeit a small one. But testing was carried out immediately after the iOS update, and a couple of hours later the test showed 2941 and 7523 points, that is, significantly more than before the update.
Results may vary for a variety of reasons, from room temperature to battery charge, but it appears that Apple did not reduce the clock speed of the A17 Pro SoC or limit it in any other way.