Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent and potentially deadly cancers in the United States. It ranks as the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among men and women combined. However, the good news is that with proactive measures such as early screenings, lifestyle adjustments, and awareness of symptoms, colon cancer is preventable and treatable.
Bayhealth Colorectal and General Surgeon Dr. Assar Rather, MD, FACS, FASCRS, emphasizes the importance of prevention over cure. Recognizing the early warning signs and undergoing timely screenings can significantly reduce the risk and improve treatment outcomes.
The Growing Concern of Colorectal Cancer
Understanding Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum and often develops from abnormal growths known as polyps. These polyps can become cancerous over time if left undetected. Early-stage colorectal cancer usually does not present noticeable symptoms, making regular screenings crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.
Alarming Statistics and Risk Factors
According to the American Cancer Society, colorectal cancer cases have been rising among younger adults. In response to this, medical guidelines have lowered the recommended screening age from 50 to 45 for individuals at average risk. Some factors that contribute to increased risk include:
- Family history of colorectal cancer
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
- Sedentary lifestyle and poor diet
- Obesity and smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
Recognizing the Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Dr. Rather highlights key symptoms that should not be ignored:
Common Symptoms Include:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Changes in bowel habits (persistent diarrhea or constipation)
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Persistent abdominal discomfort, cramping, or bloating
- Fatigue and weakness
While these symptoms may not always indicate cancer, they should prompt immediate consultation with a healthcare provider.
Importance of Early Screening
Why Should You Get Screened?
Screenings play a critical role in the early detection of colorectal cancer, often identifying precancerous polyps before they become malignant. Detecting cancer at an early stage dramatically improves survival rates and allows for less invasive treatment options.
Recommended Screening Tests
1. Colonoscopy – The Gold Standard
A colonoscopy is the most reliable method for detecting colorectal cancer. During this procedure, a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the colon to examine for abnormalities. If polyps are found, they can be removed immediately to prevent cancer from developing.
2. Alternative Screening Options
For individuals at lower risk or those hesitant about colonoscopy, alternative tests include:
- Stool DNA Tests (e.g., Cologuard®) – Detects blood and DNA changes in stool samples.
- Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) – Identifies hidden blood in the stool, which can be an early sign of cancer.
- Blood-Based Tests – Though still being researched, some blood tests can detect specific markers associated with colorectal cancer.
Genetic Testing and Family History Considerations
Genetic predisposition plays a vital role in colorectal cancer. Dr. Rather states that approximately 5-10% of colorectal cancer patients at Bayhealth have a family history of the disease. Genetic counseling and testing can help individuals determine their risk and take proactive measures.
Who Should Consider Genetic Testing?
- Individuals with a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) diagnosed with colorectal cancer
- Those with hereditary cancer syndromes like Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Multiple cases of colorectal cancer in the family
Lifestyle Changes to Lower Your Risk
While genetic factors are beyond control, lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.
Diet and Nutrition
- Increase fiber intake by consuming whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
- Reduce red and processed meat consumption.
- Incorporate healthy fats such as those found in fish, nuts, and olive oil.
- Maintain adequate hydration and reduce sugary drinks.
Exercise and Physical Activity
- Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly.
- Avoid prolonged sitting and incorporate movement into daily routines.
- Strength training exercises can also help in maintaining a healthy body weight.
Avoid Harmful Habits
- Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Manage stress through meditation, yoga, or hobbies.
- Prioritize regular health check-ups.
Overcoming the Fear of Screening
Many people delay colonoscopies due to fear of discomfort or the preparation process. Dr. Rather reassures patients that advancements in medical procedures have made colonoscopies more tolerable. “There have been significant improvements in the preparation process, sedation techniques, and overall patient experience,” he explains. “A little discomfort today can prevent a major health crisis in the future.”
FAQs
Q1: At what age should I start colorectal cancer screenings?
A: The recommended age for regular screenings is now 45 for individuals at average risk. Those with a family history may need to start earlier as advised by a doctor.
Q2: What is the most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early?
A: A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer and removing precancerous polyps.
Q3: What are the early signs of colorectal cancer?
A: Symptoms include changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, persistent abdominal discomfort, and fatigue.
Q4: Are there alternatives to a colonoscopy?
A: Yes, stool DNA tests (e.g., Cologuard®), fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), and blood-based tests are available for those at lower risk.
Q5: Can lifestyle changes help prevent colorectal cancer?
A: Absolutely! A fiber-rich diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce the risk.
