Shingles is a viral infection that affects nearly one out of three people in the United States during their lifetime. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are approximately one million cases of shingles reported each year. Although these numbers may seem concerning, shingles is both preventable and treatable with the right approach.
Understanding Shingles and Its Causes
Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus — the same virus responsible for chickenpox. Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in the nerve tissues and can reactivate years later as shingles.
“One of the infections that primary care physicians aim to prevent in their patients is shingles,” says Dr. Ben Hur Aguilar. He highlights a common misconception that those who didn’t experience chickenpox as children are less likely to develop shingles. However, individuals may have had a mild chickenpox infection without realizing it, placing them at risk.
Early Signs and Symptoms of Shingles
While the most recognized symptom of shingles is a painful rash, the condition often begins with less obvious signs such as:
- Tingling or burning sensation
- Localized pain or itching
- Headache and fever
- Upset stomach
The rash generally appears on one side of the body, often following the path of the affected nerve. In some cases, shingles can develop near the eyes, posing a risk to vision. Additionally, some individuals may experience nerve pain without developing a rash, known as zoster sine herpete.
Who Is at Risk of Developing Shingles?
While shingles can affect anyone, certain groups are at higher risk:
- Individuals over the age of 50
- People with weakened immune systems
- Those undergoing cancer treatments or experiencing chronic illnesses
Even children can contract shingles, although it’s far less common in younger age groups.
Is Shingles Contagious?
Shingles itself is not directly contagious. However, the virus can spread to individuals who have never had chickenpox or have not been vaccinated against it, potentially causing chickenpox. Transmission occurs through direct contact with the rash or droplets from open blisters.
“If the rash is still fresh and hasn’t scabbed over, the virus can spread,” warns Dr. Aguilar. Covering the rash and avoiding contact with others until the blisters crust over can help reduce transmission risks.
Effective Treatments for Shingles
Prompt treatment can minimize shingles’ severity and reduce the risk of complications. Key treatments include:
1. Antiviral Medications
Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir can significantly shorten the duration of shingles if taken within 72 hours of the rash appearing. These medications also reduce the likelihood of developing postherpetic neuralgia — a long-term nerve pain condition.
2. Pain Relievers
Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage discomfort. In more severe cases, doctors may prescribe stronger pain relief options.
3. Topical Treatments
Calamine lotion, numbing creams, and cold compresses can help soothe the rash and reduce itching.
4. Home Remedies for Relief
- Cool baths with baking soda or colloidal oatmeal
- Loose, breathable clothing to minimize irritation
- Gentle skincare products to soothe the affected area
Preventing Shingles with Vaccination
Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing shingles. The CDC recommends the Shingrix vaccine for adults aged 50 and above, regardless of whether they recall having chickenpox.
Key Benefits of Shingrix:
- 97% effective in preventing shingles with two doses administered 2-6 months apart.
- More effective than the older Zostavax vaccine, which had only 51% efficacy.
- Suitable for individuals with compromised immune systems, including those undergoing cancer treatments.
Insurance Coverage for the Shingrix Vaccine
While Medicare Part B does not cover Shingrix, many Medicare Part D prescription plans provide partial or full coverage. For those under 65, private insurance plans may vary, so it’s important to consult your provider.
“If you’re 50 or older, particularly if you have a weakened immune system, getting vaccinated early can significantly reduce your risk,” advises Dr. Aguilar.
What If You Miss the Second Dose of Shingrix?
If you miss the second dose, you won’t need to restart the vaccination process. Simply schedule your second shot as soon as possible to ensure full immunity.
Final Recommendations
If you’re over 50 or are at higher risk due to medical conditions, talk to your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated. Additionally, those who suspect they may have shingles should seek medical attention promptly to start treatment and minimize complications.
For those seeking a primary care physician, visit Bayhealth’s “Find a Doctor” page to connect with healthcare professionals who can address your specific needs.
FAQs:
Q1: What triggers shingles to reactivate?
A: Shingles can be reactivated due to stress, weakened immunity, or illness. The dormant varicella-zoster virus can emerge after years of inactivity.
Q2: How long does a shingles outbreak last?
A: A shingles outbreak typically lasts between 2 to 4 weeks. Prompt treatment can shorten this duration and minimize complications.
Q3: Can I get shingles more than once?
A: Yes, while rare, shingles can recur. Vaccination significantly reduces this risk.
Q4: Is shingles contagious if there’s no rash?
A: No, shingles is only contagious through contact with open blisters from the rash.
Q5: What should I do if I suspect I have shingles?
A: Contact your healthcare provider immediately to start antiviral treatment and manage symptoms effectively.
